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NIST reference functions and tables of thermocouple electromotive force (emf) versus temperature have been adopted as standards by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) [1] and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) [2]. All letter-designated thermocouple types are manufactured to match these standards to within specified tolerances. Furthermore, calibrations of individual thermocouples are often expressed in terms of the deviation in emf of the test thermocouple from the emf value given by the reference function.

This database reproduces a subset of the tables and reference functions of NIST Monograph 175, "Temperature Electromotive Force Reference Functions and Tables for the Letter-Designated Thermocouple Types Based on the ITS-90" [3], by G. W. Burns, M. G. Kaeser (formerly Scroger), G. F. Strouse, M. C. Croarkin, and W. F. Guthrie. All temperatures used by this database are given on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) [4], and all emf values are given in units of the 1990 SI volt [5]. Details of the ITS-90 are given in Appendix A .

The need for electrical energy in Space is obvious. Currently, levels of 100-500 watts are needed for small satellites while human presence will require 10's of kWe and Lunar (or Mars) bases will require 1-2 MWe.

Thermocouple reference data, polynomials, physical properties, and more. Important reference site.

Elaboration and production of thermoelectrical cooling modules (Peltier). [This site is in Russian, but module specifications are in English].

Power supplies and regulators. Our specialty is concept to design to manufacturing for OEM’s, especially in the Thermo Electric industry.

Peltech S.r.l. (Italy)

Peltech, founded in 1999 as an R&D Company, is active in the field of advanced thermoelectric applications.
Peltech has set up a strong R&D team supported by a fully equipped laboratory which can simulate and analyze the most various working conditions of thermoelectric devices.
Peltech has developed a patented technology as well as a proprietary digital control system composed by innovative hardware and software.
Today Peltech offers high quality consumer goods for the Boating Industry (dehumidification and thermoregulation of cabins), for the Aquarium Industry (precise thermoregulation of high-end aquariums), and a number of Business-to-Business Customized applications (e.g. precise thermoregulation of industrial inks, thermoregulation of fine food cupboards, museum showcases, thermo-regulated fumes analyzers, precisely thermo-regulated rack 19” chillers, thermo-regulated plates for quality control tests, etc..).
The innovative  product philosophy and proprietary simulation software developed and patented by Peltech offers, in a very short time, high performance, high quality and competitive solutions to the most difficult thermoregulation problems.

Objectives:
Assessment of performance and reliability of thermoelectric coolers (TEC) for the thermal control of conventional and high temperature (up to 200 °C) electronics.

In 1863, the United States Congress created the National Academy of Sciences to advise the government in scientific and technical matters.